الدور الإصلاحي لقاضي القضاة تقي الدين ابن دقيق العيد زمن سلاطين المماليک(695- 702هـ/ 1296 – 1302م)

عتمد سلاطين المماليک سياسة تقريب العلماء، لمعرفتهم بمدى تأثيرهم في المجتمع آنذاک، بسبب نفوذهم المباشر والقويّ في الرأي العام, لا باعتبارهم علماء المسلمين فحسب, بل لاحتکاکهم المباشر بطبقات المجتمع، واختلاطهم بهم.
ومن الوظائف المهمة التي شغلها العلماء في الدولة المملوکية وظيفة القضاء، الذي يعدّ أسمى المناصب وأرفعها قدرًا؛ فجاءت هذه الدراسة لتلقي الضوء على جانب مهمّ من جوانب القضاء، وهو الدور الذي أدّاه القضاة في عملية الإصلاح، ومکافحة کثير من جوانب الفساد في الدولة.
وقد وقع الاختيار على العالم الجليل قاضي القضاة في مصر، تقي الدين محمـد بن علي ابن دقيق العيد، لما عرف عنه -رحمه الله- في قضائه وآرائه وفتواه، فکان مثلًا أعلى في الصدق والعدالة والنزاهة، ولا يخشى في الحق لومة لائم، ولا بطش سلطان.
وباتّباع المنهج الاستقرائي التحليلي قُسِمت المادة العلمية في هذا البحث إلى محورين رئيسين, يسبقهما تمهيد وتوطئة للموضوع, وأُفرِدالمحور الأول عن: حياة القاضي ابن دقيق العيد قبل توليه منصب قاضي القضاة في مصر: مولده، ونشأته, ومکانته العلمية، ووفاته.وخُصِّص المحور الثاني: لجهوده ومواقفه الإصلاحية زمن توليه فترة القضاء.
ثم تضمّنت الخاتمة ما توصّل إليه البحث من نتائج, ثمَّ ذُيِّل بقائمة لأهمّ المصادر والمراجع التي أُفيد منها في جمع المادة العلمية.
Abstract
The Reformative Role of the Chief Judge TaqeldeenIbnDaqeeq Al Eid at the time of Mamluk Sultanate
(695 – 702 A.H corresponding to 1296 – 1302 Georgian)
Dr. Sherifa Muhammad Al Otaibi
Assistant Professor of Islamic History / Faculty of Arts
Princess NouraBintAbdulrahman University/ Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Abstract of the Research in English
One of the main features that distinguished the time of Mamluk Sultanate is their great respect of scholars and making them close to the Sultans. Sultans knew very well the effect the scholars had on society at that time. They knew that scholars had their direct impact on public opinion not only because they were the Imams of Muslims but also because they directly interacted with all classes of the society and lived among them.
One of the most important jobs occupied by scholars at the time of Mamluk Sultanate is the judge position which was the highest in rank. This study sheds the light on a very import aspect of the judiciary system; it is the role played by judges in the formation process and fighting many aspects of corruption in the state.
In her study, the researcher chose the most respectable scholar Chief Judge TaqeldeenIbnDaqeeq Al Eid (May Allah have mercy on him) as this judge was known as a high example in judgment, opinions and Fatwa. He was a very high example of truthfulness, justice and integrity. In his judgments, he feared no one but Allah, he did not fear any ruler or anyone who blamed him for following the right path.
Following the deductive method, I divided my research stuff into two main parts preceded by a prelude and an introduction. The first part focused on the life of Chief Judge TaqeldeenIbnDaqeeq Al Eid before assuming the position of the chief judge in Egypt. The researcher shall also mention a background of his birth, bringing up and his scientific position.
The Second part sheds the light on his efforts and reformative attitudes at the time of his assuming the position of a judge.
The conclusion reveals the outcomes of this research and ends with a list of the most important sources and references used in collecting this scientific stuff.